Stretching
Pre match stretching
Many people believe stretching before playing helps to prevent injury. While you
can stretch when properly warmed up, stretching when cold strains muscle fibres,
reducing muscle control and balance and actually increases the risk of injury.
Warming up before you exert yourself is the most effective step you can take
towards injury prevention. This is because muscles, tendons and ligaments stretch
more when they are warm and are therefore less likely to tear or snap. For most
squash players, a simple warm-up is all that is required. You can use an exercise
bike or jog round the court, but the easiest way to warm up is to just start
off hitting the ball
gently in the knock up, then gradually build up before
the match. This is a good approach because the movements are specific to squash,
so the exact muscles you use when you play are prepared. For the warm-up to
be effective, you should include the full range of movements that you will make
while playing. Be sure to use the front of the court as well as the back. This
will warm up your calves and hamstrings as well as honing your drop shots for
the match.
Post match stretching
After you've played is the time to stretch carefully to flush out lactic acid
that has built up in your muscles, especially if you will be playing again that
day or the next day. It is recommended that you warm down after you have finished
playing with a jog round the court or another five minutes on the exercise bike.
If you aren't likely to do this, just make sure you don't get cold before stretching.
If you are playing within your normal level of exertion, for the usual amount
of time and playing three times a week ie. within your lactic threshold, you
may be able to get away without stretching. If any of the above is not true,
you should stretch if you want to avoid stiffness and fatigue the next day.
How to stretch
Stretch out each muscle group in turn. Stretch only to the point of tension and
don't bounce. Avoid stretching too hard or you will strain the muscle and keep
breathing. Hold the stretch until you feel a mild warm glow in the muscle and
it no longer aches. This may happen after about 30-40 seconds, but can take
60 seconds or longer, depending on how much lactic acid has built up. When you
release the stretch, blood will flush out of the muscle, taking most of the
lactic acid with it.
Squash muscles
Stretching in this way can take quite a long time and unless you are especially
diligent, or find the day after especially painful, it isn't long before you
start to miss bits out of your routine. This happens, but however high your
lactic tolerance, you will probably want to stretch the muscles which do the
lion's share of the work in squash to reduce your fatigue and stiffness to bearable
levels. These are the central deltoids (exterior upper arm) - mysteriously both
arms seem to be affected - the Gluteus Maximus (aka your bum) but also the other
Glutes (Minimus and Medius) which run up under your hip bone, the other main
leg muscles (calves and quadriceps (thighs)). If you do nothing else, try and
focus on these muscles - you will probably find you end up doing a couple of
other stretches as well, once you get into it. Also bear in mind that you may
not need to stretch every muscle, only the ones that have been taken beyond
their lactic threshold and you do not need to stretch every muscle for the same
length of time - if you are a right-handed squash player, the muscles on the
right-hand side of the body are used more than on the left and will need stretching
for longer.
Stretches
There are too many stretches to go into here, so if you don't already know them,
I will leave you to glean information from your fitness instructor or the Internet.
Alternatively, "The Anatomy of Stretching" by Brad Walker (ISBN 978-1-905367-03-0)
covers just about every stretch you could possibly need for any sport.
